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2.28.2018

The Fugitive V pp 654-95

ruins, 1871
p 657 | The Château de Saint-Cloud was one of Marie-Antoinette's châteaux, where Napoleon & Napoleon III declared themselves Emperor in their turn (in 1804 & 1852). It was built on a site over-looking the Seine about 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Paris.  The château was expanded by Phillipe of France, Duke of Orléans in the 17th century, and again by Marie-Antoinette in the 1780s. In 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, the château caught fire; most of the contents had been removed by Empress Eugénie. The standing roofless walls were finally razed in 1891. Now, a large park is on the site of the former palace, the Parc de Saint-Cloud, owned by the state. 

p 671 | Ortolans, leverets (a hare less than one year old),  rock-partridges...

p 675 | Byzantine Norman architecture

p 684 | novel in which a woman chooses not to speak (still searching)

p 695 | the baths at Balbec (Cabourg): Thalassotherapy: using sea-water as a form of therapy. Rules for sea-bathing at nearby Houlgate.

p 695 | A lorgnette is a pair of spectacles with a handle to hold them in place, rather than fitting over the ears or nose. The word "lorgnette" is derived from the French lorgner, to take a sidelong look at, and Middle French, from lorgne, squinting. They were invented by Englishman George Adams.


2.15.2018

The Fugitive V pp 614-54

p 617-20 | Phèdre (originally Phèdre et Hippolyte) is a French dramatic tragedy in five acts written in alexandrine verse by Jean Racine, first performed in 1677 at the theatre of the Hôtel de Bourgogne in Paris.

p 620 | ..."Jansenist" scruples...: Jansenism is so called after the Christian doctrine put forth by Cornelius Jansen (1585-1638), a Dutch Catholic bishop, in his Augustinus, 1640. This doctrine favors grace and predestination rather than free will and good works. In this light, Phèdre would be less responsible for her actions, and less guilty. (Collier notes)

p 627 | Gare d'Orsay: former Paris railway station and hotel built in 1900. this station served the south and southwest of France, including Châtelleraut and Touraine. After closing as a station, it reopened in December 1986 as the Musée d'Orsay, an art museum.
Electric trains in the Gare d'Orsay, ca. 1900

p 630 |"..close down the churches and ..." : An allusion to French legislation passed in 1904 and 1905 leading to the separation of Church and State (Loi sur les Congrégations).

p 634 | Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527) was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, and Renaissance writer. Often called the father of modern political science, he was an official in the Florentine Republic, as well as writing comedies, songs, & poetry. "Machiavellianism" is a widely used negative term to characterize unscrupulous politicians of the sort he described most famously in The Prince (Il Principe), his most renowned work, in 1513.

Touraine
p 636 | Touraine: a traditional province of France, whose capital was Tours.

p 646 | Les Écorres...Marie-Antoinette: Farms near Balbec where Albertine and the girls may have visited; it was fashionable at the time to drive out into the countryside in Normandy and take tea on a farm.

p 648 | Cricqueville-en-Bessin is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in NW France. Its name is from its deep-water creek that forms a natural harbor, from Crycavilla.

p 654 | "to philosophise in my garret...": Collins offers a reference to a work by 19th-century novelist Émile Souvestre (1806–54), who wrote Un philosophe sous les toits (An attic philosopher in Paris, or A peep at the world from a garret : the journal of a happy man, 1850).

p 654 | ..."the goatherd's horn..." :